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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Spice project coding style and coding conventions</h1>
<div id="toc">
  <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
  <noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Copyright &#169; 2009-2018 Red Hat, Inc.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
United States License (see <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/legalcode</a>).</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_source_files">1. Source Files</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_names">1.1. Names</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use lower case and separate words using dashes (e.g., file-name.c, header.h).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use standard file extension for C source and header files.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_line_width">1.2. Line width</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>No more than 100 characters on a single line</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_tabs">1.3. Tabs</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Tabs are not allowed, use 4 spaces instead</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_white_spaces">1.4. White spaces</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Trailing white spaces are not allowed</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_new_line">1.5. New Line</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use Unix style line ending (i.e., LF)</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>New line (i.e., EOL) must be the last char in the file</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_comparing">2. Comparing</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use  right-hand comparison style.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Examples:<br />
  use <code>(var == 7)</code> instead of  <code>(7 == var)</code><br />
  use <code>(function(var) &gt; 7)</code> instead of <code>(7 &lt; function(var))</code></p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_boolean_type">3. boolean type</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Where possible prefer the usage of <code>bool</code> type to store boolean.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If not technically possible (ie libJPEG uses <code>boolean</code> while GLib uses <code>gboolean</code>) uses proper library type.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Constants should be consistent with the type used so <code>true</code> and <code>false</code> for <code>bool</code> type.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_true_false_and_null">4. true, false and NULL</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use <code>true</code>, <code>false</code> and <code>NULL</code> instead of 1 and 0 in order to improve code readability.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_static_storage_initialization">5. Static storage initialization</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>To improve code readability, explicitly initialize variables that depend on default initialization with zero/null.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_fixme_and_todo">6. FIXME and TODO</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Comments that are prefixed with <code>FIXME</code> describe a bug that need to be fixed. Generally, it is not allowed to commit new code having <code>FIXME</code> comment. Committing  <code>FIXME</code> is allowed only for existing bugs. Comments that are prefixed with <code>TODO</code> describe further features, optimization or code improvements, and they are allowed to be committed along with the relevant code.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_assert">7. ASSERT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use it freely. ASSERT helps testing function arguments and function results validity.  ASSERT helps detecting bugs and improve code readability and stability.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_sizeof">8. sizeof</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Apply function style to <code>sizeof</code> (i.e., use <code>sizeof(x)</code>)</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_const">9. const</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use const keyword when applicable to improve code reliability and celerity.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_goto">10. goto</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Using goto is allowed in C code for error handling. In any other case it will be used only as a special exception.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_switch">11. switch</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>If a switch case falls through (i.e. does not end with a <code>break</code>), annotate it with a <code>/* fall through */</code> comment. Some compilers will emit a warning otherwise.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_defining_constant_values">12. Defining Constant values</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use defines for constant values for improving readability and ease of changes. Alternatively, use global <code>const</code> variables.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_short_functions">13. Short functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Try to split code to short functions, each having simple functionality, in order to improve code readability and re-usability. Prefix with inline short functions or functions that were splitted for readability reason.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_return_on_if">14. Return on if</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Try to return immediately on if in places that can reduce indentation level.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>prefer</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">void</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">function</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #009900">int</span> <span style="color: #990000">*</span>n<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(!</span>n<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
        <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">return</span></span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>
    <span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>over</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">void</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">function</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #009900">int</span> <span style="color: #990000">*</span>n<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(!</span>n<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
        <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">return</span></span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>
    <span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
        <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
    <span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_names_2">15. Names</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
Don&#8217;t underestimate the importance of name choosing. Good names make the code more easy to understand and reduce the required level of code documentation. When choosing names, prefer long meaningful names over short vague name.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Variable and Function names - use lower case and separate words using underscore (e.g., sample_variable_name)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Structures, class and enum names - one or more words, each word start with upper case (e.g., Name, SampleStructName)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Defines and enum items names - uppercase words separated using underscores (e.g., NAME, SAMPLE_DEFINE_NAME)
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_type_prefix">15.1. Type prefix</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In the code there are some common prefixes for types, <code>Red</code> and <code>Spice</code>.
As a basic rule <code>Spice</code> refers to types in the public external headers while <code>Red</code> is used for internal types.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_common_abbreviations">15.2. Common abbreviations</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>ccc</code> CursorChannelClient</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>dc</code>  DisplayChannel</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>dcc</code> DisplayChannelClient</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>dpi</code> drawable pipe item</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>rcc</code> RedChannelClient</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>sif</code> spice interface</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>sin</code> spice instance</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_optimization">16. Optimization</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Keep optimization to fast path code. Prefer safe, clear and easy to maintain coding for code that is not on the fast path.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_spacing">17. Spacing</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use spacing for improving code readability.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">for</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>i <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #993399">0</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span> i <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> <span style="color: #993399">10</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="color: #990000">++</span>i<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">some_func</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>var<span style="color: #990000">,</span> i <span style="color: #990000">*</span> i <span style="color: #990000">+</span> <span style="color: #990000">*</span>ptr<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">&amp;</span>var<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">sizeof</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>var<span style="color: #990000">));</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_indentation">18. Indentation</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="function_indentation">18.1. Function Indentation</h3>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
No spaces between function name to left bracket.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Curly bracket start on new line.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Functions must be padded with empty lines on both sides
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">void</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">function</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #008080">type1</span> arg1<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #008080">type2</span> arg2<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #008080">type2</span> arg3<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
  <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
In case of a new line in arguments list, align it to the first argument type.
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
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<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">void</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">function</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #008080">type1</span> arg1<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
              <span style="color: #008080">type2</span> arg2<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
              <span style="color: #008080">type3</span> arg3<span style="color: #990000">)</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Or</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">void</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">function</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #008080">type1</span> arg1<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #008080">type2</span> arg2<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
              <span style="color: #008080">type3</span> arg3<span style="color: #990000">)</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
New line is acceptable in arguments list and before function name, like
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
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<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">void</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">function</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #008080">type1</span> arg1<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #008080">type2</span> arg2<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
         <span style="color: #008080">type3</span> arg3<span style="color: #990000">)</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_branching_indentation">18.2. Branching indentation</h3>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
Add space after a branch keyword and after the right bracket.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Curly bracket starts on the same line the branch starts.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Place curly brackets after all control flow constructs even where optional. This convention reduces branching bugs that are difficult to detect. It also makes it easier to add logging messages during debugging  since it eliminates the need to add the brackets.
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>condition<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>condition<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of long condition statement, prefer having additional temporary variable over multiple line condition statement.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of new line in condition statement.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>long_name <span style="color: #990000">&amp;&amp;</span> very_long_name <span style="color: #990000">&amp;&amp;</span> very_long <span style="color: #990000">||</span>
                                               var_name<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>or indent under the round bracket using spaces</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>long_name <span style="color: #990000">&amp;&amp;</span> very_long_name <span style="color: #990000">&amp;&amp;</span> long_name <span style="color: #990000">||</span>
    var_name<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Break function arguments list in long condition statement according to <a href="#function_indentation">Function Indentation</a> section.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">while</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>condition<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
        <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">while</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>condition<span style="color: #990000">);</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">for</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>i <span style="color: #990000">=</span> x<span style="color: #990000">;</span> i <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> y<span style="color: #990000">;</span> i<span style="color: #990000">++)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>


<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">switch</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span>x<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">case</span></span> A<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">break</span></span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">case</span></span> B<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">break</span></span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #008080">default:</span></span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_types_indentation">18.3. Types indentation</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">struct</span></span> <span style="color: #008080">StructName</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #008080">type1</span> name1<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
    <span style="color: #008080">type2</span> name2<span style="color: #990000">;</span>

    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">enum</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    A<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
    B<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
    C <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #993399">10</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span>
    D<span style="color: #990000">,</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">union</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #008080">type1</span> name1<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
    <span style="color: #008080">type2</span> name2<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
    <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span> u<span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_vertical_indentation">18.4. Vertical indentation</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use one space no tabs and no vertical alignment.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">long</span> var_name_1 <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #993399">7</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>
<span style="color: #009900">int</span> var_name_2 <span style="color: #990000">=</span> 1111l<span style="color: #990000">;</span>
<span style="color: #009900">unsigned</span> <span style="color: #009900">long</span> long_var_name_1 <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #993399">666</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>
<span style="color: #009900">char</span> long_var_name_1 <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'a'</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>

<span style="color: #009900">void</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">f1</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #009900">int</span> a<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #009900">char</span> ch<span style="color: #990000">);</span>
<span style="color: #009900">unsigned</span> <span style="color: #009900">long</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">f2</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #009900">int</span> a<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #009900">char</span> ch<span style="color: #990000">);</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_multi_line_macro_indentation">18.5. Multi line macro indentation</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#define</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">MACRO_NAME</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>a<span style="color: #990000">,</span> b<span style="color: #990000">,</span> c<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>   <span style="color: #990000">\</span>
    <span style="color: #009900">int</span> ab <span style="color: #990000">=</span> a <span style="color: #990000">+</span> c<span style="color: #990000">;</span>             <span style="color: #990000">\</span>
    <span style="color: #009900">int</span> ac <span style="color: #990000">=</span> a <span style="color: #990000">+</span> b<span style="color: #990000">;</span>             <span style="color: #990000">\</span>
    <span style="color: #009900">int</span> bc <span style="color: #990000">=</span> b <span style="color: #990000">+</span> c<span style="color: #990000">;</span>             <span style="color: #990000">\</span>
    <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">f</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span>ab<span style="color: #990000">,</span> ac<span style="color: #990000">,</span> bc<span style="color: #990000">);</span>              <span style="color: #990000">\</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_multi_line_array_indentation">18.6. Multi line array indentation</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #009900">char</span> <span style="color: #990000">*</span>array<span style="color: #990000">[]</span> <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
    <span style="color: #FF0000">"item_1"</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span>
    <span style="color: #FF0000">"item_2"</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span>
    <span style="color: #FF0000">"item_3"</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_headers">19. Headers</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Headers should be protected against multiple inclusion using a macro that contains the header file name in uppercase, with all characters that are invalid in C replaced with an underscore <em>_</em>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#ifndef</span></span> MY_MODULE_H
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#define</span></span> MY_MODULE_H

<span style="color: #990000">...</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#endif</span></span> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// MY_MODULE_H</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The macro may include additional information, e.g. a component. For example a file generally referenced as foo/bar.h could use a FOO_BAR_H macro.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Historically, some headers added underscores liberally, e.g. MY_MODULE_H_. This is neither necessary nor discouraged, although as a reminder, a leading underscore followed by a capital letter is reserved for the implementation and should not be used, so _MY_MODULE_H is, technically speaking, invalid C.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively (recommended on newer code) you can use the <code>pragma once</code> directive, as:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#pragma</span></span> once

<span style="color: #990000">...</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_header_inclusion">20. Header inclusion</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Headers should be included in this order</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;system_headers.h&gt;</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;no_spice_no_system_libraries.h&gt;</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;spice_protocol.h&gt;</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;spice_common.h&gt;</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"spice_server.h"</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>(note the empty line between no spice-server and spice-server headers)</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Also in source (no header) files you must include <code>config.h</code> at the beginning so should start (beside comments and copyright) with</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;config.h&gt;</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;system_headers.h&gt;</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;no_spice_no_system_libraries.h&gt;</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;spice_protocol.h&gt;</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;spice_common.h&gt;</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"spice_server.h"</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_c">21. C++</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>C++ style follows C style if not specified otherwise.
The C++11 dialect is assumed by default. No attempts will be made to
restrict the code to older variants of C++.
For compatibility reasons don&#8217;t use more recent C++ dialects.</p></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_method_names">21.1. Method names</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Method names should use lower case and separate words with
underscores.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_namespaces">21.2. Namespaces</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Namespaces should use lower case and separate words with underscores.
Namespace blocks should not increase indentation.
Namespaces can be nested. Namespace closing brackets for nested
namespaces can be placed together on the same line, but for
readability reasons the closure should specify the namespace with a
comment.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">namespace</span></span> spice <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">namespace</span></span> streaming_agent <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>

<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> <span style="color: #008080">ClassInsideNamespace</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span>

<span style="color: #FF0000">}}</span> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// namespace spice::streaming_agent</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>using namespace</code> construct should never be used in headers. It should
be used sparingly in source files, and only within the body of short
functions.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Preferred alternatives to <code>using namespace</code> include:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
using declarations
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">using</span></span> spice<span style="color: #990000">::</span>streaming_agent<span style="color: #990000">::</span>some_class<span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
namespace aliases
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">namespace</span></span> ssa <span style="color: #990000">=</span> spice<span style="color: #990000">::</span>streaming_agent<span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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Last updated
 2021-04-17 07:49:29 BST
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